Maps are a must have, for any Affiliate, promoting any program. With the help of this, a clear knowledge about the whole region of the world can be gained. In a map, we can show the whole world or a region in its corner. We can draw a map in a piece of paper in the corner and mark it to show the state of the region. A map is not just what geographers need. It is for almost all people especially tourists, administrators, planners, architects, engineers, farmers meteorologists have a special need for even ordinary people.
Map
of the World - published in Schenck 's 'Atlas Contractus', 1713. (Photo by
Culture Club/Getty Images) *** Local Caption ***
Read and use maps
Concept
of map, importance and use (Concept of map, importance and use) Note the image
below. This is the administrative map of Bangladesh. On one page of the paper,
the international borders of Bangladesh, which side of Bangladesh, which
country, which sea, etc. have been drawn. Besides, seven divisions of
Bangladesh, how many districts in which division and their names and boundaries
have been shown. The administrative boundaries of the whole of Bangladesh have
been highlighted in a single page.
A
map is a drawing or diagram that represents a small or large area of the
earth's surface. The map gives an idea of the topography, climate,
vegetation, soil, water and much more of the region or country. It allows us to
learn about many different continents and oceans. The map shows the position of
various subjects in a very small piece of paper.
Now
let's see what is a map?
The
Bengali synonym of the English word 'map' is map. The word ‘map’ comes from the
Latin word ‘mappa’. In Latin a piece of cloth is called ‘mappa’. Earlier, maps
were drawn on cloth. A map is a drawing of the earth or a region or part of it
on a flat surface in a corner. A map is a
replica
of the earth or a part of it on a flat plane at an angle with an axis or
longitude on a certain scale. This flat field can be a piece of cloth or paper.
Methods
of showing scale: There are three methods of showing scale on a map. Method of
scale instruction.
1) With the help
of description
2) With the help
of diagrams.
3) With the help
of securities ratio
(A) By statement: We express the scale of the map by description. For
example- 4 miles in 1 inch, 1 mile in 18 inches, 1 hectometer in 1 centimeter.
Here, in each case, the first number (whether it is inches or centimeters) is
the distance to the map and the second number is miles, yards, kilometers or
hectares.
(B)
By graphical scale:
The scale of a map can be expressed by
dividing a line in the corner into the required inches and inches or small
centimeters by writing the value of each part. For example, if the description
of 10 km in 1 cm is to be expressed through a diagram, first a line of 5 cm
must be divided into 5 parts; Each part of it is 10 kilometers. Leave 1 cell on
the left and write 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and kilometers next to it. Divide the cell
on the left into 10 parts (because you have to show a small part of 10
kilometers) and write the value of each small part. The same rule should be
followed in case of inch scale. In this case, with a 3-inch-long line, first
divide it into three parts and write the value of each cell, leaving one cell
on the left. The room on the left should be divided into six parts. When
describing a 4-mile description in 1 inch through a figure, first divide it
into three with a 3-inch line. Leave a cell on the left and write 0, 4, 8 miles
respectively. The room on the left has to be divided again into 4 parts
(because 4 miles in 1 inch). Write 1, 2, 3, 4 miles from zero to the left
respectively.
(C) By
representative fraction: Different units
are used to measure the distance of different countries. If the scale is
published on the map by the unit of such a country, it will not be usable for
the lakes of other countries due to linguistic reasons. In order to overcome
this problem, the ratio of collateral ratio has been invented. In English it is
called Representative Fraction or R.E. And in Bengali briefly P.A. Says. The
lobe of the scale given in the form of fractions represents the distance of the
map and the denominator is the distance to the ground in the same unit.
For
example, the scale expressed in the description of 1 meter in 1 centimeter
should be brought to the centimeter of the expression meter in proportion to
the ratio and the ratio sign (:) should be given between the two numbers. Equal
to 100 centimeters. So, the numerator is 1 and the denominator is 100. In this
case the scale is 1: 100 or. This means that when the distance of the map is 1
centimeter, then the distance of the land is 100 centimeters. Again, in the
British method 1:36 P.A. If given, it should be understood that when the
distance of the map is 1 inch, then the distance is 36 inches or 1 yard.
Therefore 1 yard in 1 inch in the description. In the description, when 1 mile in
1 inch, then 1: 63360 since 1 mile = 63360 inches.
We
can show a large country and continent by drawing on the page of a small book
or notebook. We can also better express the actual distance of the land with
the map by using a scale to calculate it. A map is a picture of a country, a
region or a continent or a continent or the whole world. Some use symbols in a
map. We can show how many countries on the continent and how many provinces,
divisions, districts, roads, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc. in each country. In
this way, if we want, we can show the sixth place between a country and a
continent through symbols. After all, there is no substitute for a corner of
the map to be aware of the nuances of a place, starting with the location of
the place.
What
kind of information will be in a map will depend on- (a) scale, (b) projection,
(c) conventional sign, (d) the skill of the cartographer and (e) the type of
map drawing.
A
place can be shown with more information in a large-scale map.
There
are different types of maps. Every map has different topics. These are played
with different colors, lines and symbols. These are colors, lines and
signals. It is very important to know
about these languages to know the details about maps.
Maps are very
important in modern civilization. Maps are a very important element for
students, teachers, historians, engineers, businessmen, journalists, soldiers
and sailors. Maps are an essential element for geologists and geography
students.
Classification of
maps
There
can be many types of maps. Usually according to the scale and content used on
the map. The maps are divided into two parts. Scale maps are of two types- (a)
large scale maps and (b) small scale maps. Large scale maps such as navigable
sailors’ charts, aviation charts, mouza maps or cadastral maps. There is a lot
of space in the map because a small area is shown in a very large area and a
lot of information is shown well in such a map. Small scale maps like
topography maps, wall maps etc. This type of map does not have much space
because the whole world or continent or country is shown on a small piece of
paper. As a result, not much can be shown on this map.
There are also two
types of maps as the presented content- (a) qualitative maps and (b)
quantitative maps.
(A)
Quality maps:
Geological maps, topographic maps,
topographic maps, soil maps, wall maps, topography maps, local diversification
maps and mouza maps are included in the quality maps.
(B)
Quantitative maps: Quantitative maps are maps that show statistical
information such as air temperature, rainfall, population distribution,
population density, mineral production, forest production, industrial
production, etc.
The following are
some types of maps based on function:
1) Cadastral or Mouza map:
The word cadastral comes from the French word
cadastral, which means registered own property. This map is usually made to
mark the boundaries of ownership of land or buildings registered in the corner.
The mouza maps we see in our country are actually cadastral maps. The
government collects taxes from the landowners by calculating through this map.
The biggest example of this map is in the maps of our village.
This
map delimits the boundaries perfectly. These maps are drawn on a large scale,
measuring 1 mile in 18 inches or 1 mile in 32 inches. Miscellaneous information
is published in such maps. The town planning map is also included in the mouza
map.
2.
Topographic map:
Another name for topographic map is the local
diversity map. These maps are prepared through actual survey work. There are
usually two types of natural and cultural elements. If the scale of this type
of map is not completely small, then the mouza is not as big as the map. These
maps do not show the boundaries of the land. Mountains, plateaus, plains,
rivers, valleys, lakes, etc. are shown as geological features. On the other
hand, as a cultural diversity, railways, hat bazaars, paste offices, government
offices, playgrounds, mosques, temples are shown perfectly. In the present era,
the new era of this map has started by taking pictures from the plane. If the
scale of this map is 1: 20,000, the features are well expressed. Different
countries create these maps on different scales. The most standard and popular
are maps made by the British, which ranged in size from 1: 25,000 to 1:
100,000, and in the United States, these maps usually have scales of 1: 62,500
and 1: 125,000. Bangladesh usually follows the British scale.
3. Wall map: Wall maps are usually made for use in the classroom.
The whole world or the hemisphere is expressed in this map. On the wall map,
according to our needs, a country or an individual continent is expressed
separately on a large or small scale. The scale of this wall map is smaller
than the topographic map but larger than the topographic map.
4. Geographical
or Atlas Map (Choreographic or | India Atlas Map):
The sum of the maps is called Geographical
(Atlas). This map is usually made on a very small scale. It is made in
different regions of the world based on natural, climatic and economic
conditions. Symbols are given only to indicate mountain peaks, important rivers
and major railways. Some topographies are depicted on a 1: 1000,000 scale. Several
organizations in our country make these maps. This map shows the whole world in
one page. Bangladesh is also shown in the districts in one page. It maps on the
basis of natural, cultural, economic and agricultural features.
5. Physical
map: A map that contains information
about different natural landforms of a country or region such as mountains,
plateaus, deserts, rivers, lakes, etc. is called a natural map.
6. Geological map: This type of map is made based on the position and structure of the
rocks that make up the crust.
7.Climatic map:
A map based on air heat, air pressure, air flow,
rainfall, humidity, etc. is called a climatic map.
8. Vegetation map: Where in the world is there any kind of natural vegetable. The map
based on it is called the vegetable map.
9. Soil map:
This map is based on the type of soil in the
world. This type of map is often used by agriculturists to determine where in
the world crops can be grown based on soil quality.
10. Cultural
map:
A cultural map is a map of the economic
conditions of different places, the boundaries of different countries and
states, places or architectures in historical corners, social systems in
different parts of the world, etc. The cultural map is also divided into
several parts. E.g.
(A)
Political map:
This map is made by showing the
boundaries of different countries and states. In which the capital and
important city of the country or state is also shown.
(B)
Distribution map:
The maps which show the distribution of
population, grains, animals, industries, etc. in a region or country are called
distribution maps.
(C) Historical
map: The maps that are made about the
place or architecture in the historical corner are called historical maps.
(D) Social map: Social maps are made based on the social system in
different parts of the world. Especially those who study social customs and
inequality, population, use this map.
(E) Land use
map: Land use map is a map based on
what is being used for which purpose or which land is most useful for any
purpose.
The formation
of local diversity maps is a major and necessary part of the geography. A
social form of the earth or one of the different parts of the world can be painted
like this kind of map, it is not possible in any other way. A beautiful
reflection of geological and cultural issues can be seen on the local diversity
map through various symbols.
Author -M.
ZAMAN(RASEL)
Map Reading and Its Uses){kind=link}
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